Journal of Applied Social Sciences in Business and Management
Journal of Applied Social Sciences in Business and Management (JASSBM) is an international, peer-reviewed academic journal that provides a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to explore the intersection of social sciences with business and management. JASSBM focuses on applied research that addresses contemporary challenges in business and management through a social sciences lens, including but not limited to areas such as organizational behavior, human resource management, consumer behavior, social entrepreneurship, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility. The journal welcomes submissions that provide novel insights, practical applications, and theoretical advancements that contribute to a better understanding of social dynamics in business environments. JASSBM aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice by encouraging interdisciplinary research that informs decision-making and management strategies within both public and private sectors. Submission Types: The journal accepts original research articles, review papers, case studies, and thought pieces that offer significant contributions to the field. Ready to Contribute? Join us in advancing the dialogue between social sciences and business management. Your research can make an impact. [Make a Submission]
POST- AWARD CONTRACT MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF KENYA NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY PROJECTS IN KENYA
Road construction projects in Kenya have been getting sustainability warnings owing to poor quality standards, frequent delays, and persistent cost overruns. These challenges have been largely attributed to weak post-award contract management practices, including insufficient risk control, poor communication, limited stakeholder involvement, and non-compliance with contractual and regulatory frameworks. Despite growing attention on procurement processes, the post-award phase which is crucial to actual project delivery remains understudied in Kenya's public infrastructure sector. This study examined the influence of post-award contract management on the performance of Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) projects, with specific focus on communication and information flow and compliance management. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey design, targeting 543 KeNHA staff members directly involved in project implementation. A sample of 230 respondents was selected using the Yamane formula and purposive sampling techniques. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires, and analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 23. Both descriptive statistics and inferential methods such as Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were employed to test hypotheses and relationships. Findings revealed that each of the post-award contract management dimensions had a statistically significant positive influence on project performance. Strong communication mechanisms improved coordination and problem resolution. The study concludes that improving post-award contract management is critical to enhancing the performance of KeNHA road infrastructure projects. It recommends the institutionalization of post-award performance tracking systems, stakeholder inclusion frameworks, and continuous compliance audits. These measures will contribute to more efficient project delivery, reduced wastage of public funds, and improved road infrastructure outcomes. The findings provide empirical support for policy reforms aimed at strengthening contract execution in Kenya's public sector. Key Words: Post-Award Contract Management, Project Performance, Communication and Information Flow, Compliance Management, Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA)
Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA)
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INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AGENCIES IN KENYA
Strategic leadership plays a pivotal role in the effective implementation of strategy and achievement of institutional goals, especially within complex public sector organizations. This study examined the influence of strategic leadership on the performance of agencies under the National Council on the Administration of Justice (NCAJ) in Kenya. The research was motivated by persistent challenges within the justice system, including poor inter-agency coordination, delays in case resolution, and limited responsiveness to stakeholder needs—despite the existence of strategic plans. Using a descriptive correlational survey design, the study collected data from 164 respondents drawn from 36 institutions affiliated with NCAJ, comprising both state and non-state actors. Strategic leadership was assessed in terms of visionary leadership, employee empowerment, and leader agility. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between strategic leadership and organizational performance, demonstrating that effective leadership practices contribute to improved service delivery, responsiveness, and institutional accountability. The study further established that the regulatory environment moderately influences this relationship. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing visionary leadership, promoting inclusive decision-making, and strengthening leadership development programs across NCAJ agencies to foster adaptive governance and improved justice sector outcomes. Key Words: Strategic Leadership, Performance, Agencies under the National Council on the Administration of Justice (NCAJ)
Agencies under the National Council on the Administration of Justice (NCAJ)
ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF LEVEL FOUR HOSPITALS IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY GOVERNMENT, KENYA
This study was establish the relationship between electronic procurement practices and performance of level four hospitals in Kakamega County government, Kenya. The specific objective were: E-sourcing and E-Awarding and performance of level four hospitals in Kakamega county government, Kenya. This study was anchored on different theories relevant to the specific variables in this study. The research design was descriptive research design. The target population was 144 respondents from all senior managers in Kakamega County. This study preferred a census survey meaning purposive sampling techniques was used. The research instruments was both open and closed ended questionnaire. The researcher’s collected data by dropping questionnaire and picking the same after two weeks. 10 % of the respondents were pilot tested from the entire study. The collected data was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science version 28 and the same is now presented in a form of tables and figures. The pilot result was over 0.7 for reliability and 0.5 for content validity. The study concludes and recommend that the new knowledge to be used in implementing the results in all level four hospitals in Kenya. Key Words: Electronic Procurement Practices, Performance of Level Four Hospitals, E-Sourcing, E-Awarding
STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER PROJETS IN MT KENYA REGION, KENYA
The Kenyan Government through its ministry of Water and sanitation has successfully done more than 50 annual water budget since independence. Despite this, 18 million people still struggle to get sustainable water supply in Kenya. This study therefore sought to analyse the influence of stakeholder management on implementation of water projects in Mt Kenya Region, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to to establish the effect of stakeholder need identification on implementation of water projects in Mt Kenya Region, Kenya and to establish the influence of stakeholder participation on implementation of water projects in Mt Kenya Region, Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted the 8 counties in Mt Kenya region. The total population was 420 consisting of 60 community leaders,40 government officials,6 project management committees and 12 county water engineers. The sample size was obtained using the Nassim formula. The 130 respondents were chosen with the help of stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through use of semi structured questionnaires. The study also conduct pilot test to test the validity and the reliability of the data collection instrument. The data collection instrument generated both qualitative and quantitative data. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages were used in this study. In relation to inferential statistics, the study used correlation analysis. This was used to establish the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. Data was then presented in a tables, bar charts and pie charts. The study concludes that stakeholder need identification has a positive and significant effect on implementation of water projects in Mt Kenya Region, Kenya. The study also concludes that stakeholder participation has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of water projects in Mt Kenya Region, Kenya. From the results, the study recommends that Counties in Mt Kenya region should ensure an effective and efficient framework is implemented to enhance stakeholder need identification. Key Words: Stakeholder Management Practices, Stakeholder Need Identification, Stakeholder Participation, Implementation of Water Projects
PROJECT PLANNIG PROCESS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE PROJECTS IN MACHAKOS COUNTY
Health care is viewed by some as a fundamental right but by others as a tradable commodity. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has become a policy priority at both the national and global level. The main objective of this study was to investigate the Critical Success Factors in the Implementation of Universal Healthcare Projects: The Case of Machakos county. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to investigate the influence of financing and monitoring and evaluation on implementation of the UHC project within Machakos County. The study was guided by Resource dependency theory competency theory. A descriptive survey design was utilized in this study. The target population was the Households receiving UHC, community health care workers and local leaders in Machakos county. The target population comprised of 200 household receiving UHC, 100 community health care workers and 50 local leaders. The researcher obtained sample size using Yamane formulae (1967). This study used primary sources of data to produce quantitative information. Therefore, questionnaires were the main tool for data collection. Pilot study was carried out in Machakos county to enable validity and reliability of research instruments to be determined. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics includes percentages, frequencies, mean mode and standard deviation. Data was represented inform of tables and figures. The study benefits the Board of Directors and practitioners in the health sector who closely deal with issues of sustainability of universal health coverage. The government has a better understanding of the factors influencing universal health coverage sustainability and therefore come up with intervention strategies that may see the provision and expansion of medical services through attraction of more medical service providers to the county. The study concludes that funding has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of the UHC project in Machakos County. The study also concludes that monitoring and evaluation has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of the UHC project in Machakos County. Based on the findings, this study recommends that Machakos County government should ensure proper formulate and implement effective project funding policies with effective resource allocation strategies. In addition, the study recommends that Machakos County government should ensure effective monitoring and evaluation strategies are put in place to enhance project implementation Key Words: Project Planning Process, Funding, Monitoring and Evaluation, Implementation of Universal Healthcare Projects
Implementation of Universal Healthcare Projects
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PREFERENCES AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
This study explored the influence of public procurement preferences on supply chain performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya, with a particular focus on local supplier preference and social inclusion preference. As a vital instrument for socio-economic development, public procurement is increasingly being utilized to promote inclusivity by empowering marginalized groups, including women, youth, and persons with disabilities. However, despite the presence of well-structured policy frameworks, the implementation of these preferences has not consistently yielded the desired improvements in supply chain performance—highlighting a persistent gap between policy intent and actual outcomes. To address this gap, the study set out to examine how local supplier and social inclusion preferences influence key supply chain metrics such as cost reduction, service delivery, and customer satisfaction. The research adopted a descriptive design targeting procurement staff and suppliers engaged in county tenders. A stratified sample of 161 participants was selected, and data was collected using structured questionnaires. The data was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed significant positive relationships between procurement preferences and supply chain performance. Notably, social inclusion preference emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.741), while local supplier preference also demonstrated a substantial influence (β = 0.628). Together, these preferences were shown to explain 70.1% of the variance in supply chain performance, underscoring their combined impact. The study concludes that when effectively implemented, preferential procurement policies can generate synergistic benefits across economic, social, and operational domains without compromising efficiency. Nairobi City County serves as a compelling case for how developing economies can balance inclusive procurement goals with supply chain optimization. Key recommendations include: (1) enforcing local procurement targets supported by vendor capacity-building programs, and (2) introducing measurable quarterly quotas for marginalized groups. The study further recommends future research employing longitudinal designs to evaluate sustained impacts and the potential of digital technologies to enhance transparency and accountability in inclusive procurement systems. Key Words: Public Procurement Preferences, Supply Chain Performance, Local Supplier Preference, Social Inclusion Preference
INTEGRATED LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Logistics refers to the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient and effective movement and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption, with the aim of meeting customer requirements. In the food and beverage (F&B) manufacturing industry, where products are highly perishable and supply chains are complex, the adoption of integrated logistics management systems (ILMS) has the potential to enhance agility, reduce cycle time, improve operational efficiency, and ensure timely delivery. While technological advancements in logistics can significantly streamline supply chains and reduce costs, adoption among manufacturing firms in Kenya remains limited. Reports indicate that more than half of logistics functions among firms in Kenya continue to be conducted manually, and many firms lack awareness or capacity to implement modern logistics technologies effectively. This study aimed to establish the influence of integrated logistics management systems on the supply chain performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the influence of warehouse management systems, inventory management systems on supply chain performance. The study was anchored on Institutional Theory, and Unified Theory of Logistics. A census approach was employed, targeting all 51 registered food and beverage manufacturing firms operating within Nairobi County. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to operations managers, with a pre-test conducted among 5 respondents to ensure clarity and reliability of the instrument. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression, with the aid of SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that warehouse management systems and inventory management systems each had a positive and statistically significant relationship with supply chain performance. The study concluded that the adoption of integrated logistics systems contributes meaningfully to improvements in supply chain responsiveness, cost control, and service delivery in the F&B manufacturing sector. Based on the findings, the study recommends that managers in the food and beverage industry prioritize investment in logistics technologies and ensure their warehouse and inventory systems are up-to-date to minimize process inefficiencies. Firms should adopt automated scheduling and routing tools to reduce delivery delays and human intervention. Additionally, training of logistics personnel on digital systems and government support through streamlined customs regulations are critical for enhancing overall logistics performance and competitiveness in the sector. Key Words: Integrated Logistics Management Systems, Supply Chain Performance, Food And Beverage Manufacturing Firms, Warehouse Management Systems, Inventory Management Systems
GREEN PROCUREMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF EAST AFRICA BREWERIES LIMITED
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of green procurement on the performance of manufacturing industries in East Africa Breweries Limited (EABL). The study was based at EABL Headquarters in Ruaraka with operation at the outskirt of Nairobi City. The target population was workers of EABL in the Procurement Department. The study was conducted with the following objectives; to investigate the influence of supplier participation on the performance of the manufacturing industry in Kenya, and to determine the influence of employee training on performance of the manufacturing industry in Kenya. The study took on a descriptive approach. ). The target population for the research comprises of the employees working in the procurement department, a population of forty (40) made up of people employees working in the procurement departments at EABL. A simple random sampling without a replacement was applied to select the required sample size. In sampling without replacement, each sample unit (employee) of the population only had one chance to be selected. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively through thematic coding, where data was transcribed and arranged into coded themes. The data also used inferential statistics to investigate the influence of green procurement on performance. The study used regression analysis to determine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. The study concludes that supplier participation has a positive and significant effect on performance of the manufacturing industry in Kenya. The study also concludes that employee training have a positive and significant effect on performance of the manufacturing industry in Kenya. Based on the finsings, the study recommends that the management of manufacturing industries in Kenya should establish collaborative partnerships through long-term contracts and joint innovation programs. By fostering strong relationships with suppliers, manufacturers can ensure better quality, cost-effectiveness, and timely delivery of materials. In addition, the study recommends that the management of manufacturing industries in Kenya should invest in infrastructure development, particularly in energy, transportation, and technology. Key Words: Green Procurement, Performance of Manufacturing Industries, East Africa Breweries Limited, Supplier Participation, Employee Training
STRATEGIC AGILITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF FIVE-STAR HOTELS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
The hospitality industry, particularly hotels, face increasing uncertainty due to challenges such as terrorism, travel advisories, and canceled flights. To maintain a competitive edge and enhance performance, hotels must develop strong strategic agility. Even before COVID-19, the sector struggled with issues like low employee commitment, high turnover rates, and fluctuating performance levels. The pandemic further disrupted operations, exacerbated turnover, and led to significant financial losses, resulting in the closure of several prominent hotels in Kenya. This study examines the impact of strategic agility on the organizational performance of five-star hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya, focusing on key dimensions: resource agility, operational agility. A descriptive survey design was employed to facilitate data collection. The target population consisted of 12 five-star hotels in Nairobi, as licensed by the Tourism Regulatory Authority (TRA). The study specifically engaged senior- and middle-level managers across departments such as administration, human resources, IT, marketing, and finance, selecting 120 respondents from these establishments through purposive sampling ensuring that participants had relevant expertise regarding the study’s themes. Primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires, utilizing a five-point Likert scale to capture responses. The study applied descriptive statistics including frequency distributions, percentages, tables, and pie charts to analyze and summarize findings, as well as inferential statistics, such as correlation and regression analysis, to explore relationships between the study variables. Visualization tools such as graphs and pie charts were used for clear comparisons. To ensure the validity and reliability of research instruments, a pilot study was conducted using 10% of the population sample. The descriptive results revealed a strong positive relationship between strategic agility and the performance of five-star hotels. Correlation analysis confirmed a significant positive link between the independent variables and organizational performance, while inferential analysis demonstrated a statistically significant connection between leadership styles and hotel performance. Based on R-squared values, the model accounted for 69.3% of variations in the dependent variable, and regression results indicated that an increase in any independent variable would lead to improved hotel performance. Key Words: Strategic Agility, Organizational Performance, Five-Star Hotels, Resource Agility, Operational Agility
STRATEGIC ORIENTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF AIRLINE COMPANIES IN KENYA
Airline companies play a pivotal role in the economic development and connectivity of a country, particularly in Kenya, which is a major travel hub in East Africa. The performance of airline companies in Kenya faces several challenges. These challenges are compounded by a dynamic and competitive environment, which requires companies to adapt quickly to external factors. The general objective of the study was to determine the influence of strategic orientation on performance of airline companies in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the influence of innovation orientation on performance of airline companies in Kenya, and to evaluate the influence of learning orientation on performance of airline companies in Kenya. This study will be anchored on Dynamic Capabilities Theory and Social Learning Theory. This study used descriptive research design. This study focused on airline companies in Kenya. According to Kenya airports authority (2024) there are 8 domestic airline companies in Kenya. These domestic airline companies in Kenya include; Kenya Airways, Jambojet, Fly540, Safarilink, Skyward Express, Bluesky Aviation, Jetways Airlines and Renegade Air. This study targeted management employees working in these companies since they are in a better position to provide information on strategic orientation and organization performance. The unit of analysis was therefore 8 airline companies in Kenya while the unit of observation was 232 management employees working with the 8 airline companies in Kenya. The study used Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula to arrive at the sample size. The study sample size was therefore 147 employees who were selected through use of simple random sampling technique. This study used a questionnaire to collect primary data. This study collected quantitative data. The quantitative data was coded then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software version 28. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data in frequency distributions and percentages which was presented in tables and figures. Inferential statistics comprised of correlation and regression analysis. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. Key Words: Strategic Orientation, Learning Orientation, Innovation Orientation, Performance of Airline Companies
INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER SERVICE IN KENYA RAILWAYS CORPORATION
The Kenya Railways Corporation plays a crucial role in the country’s transportation infrastructure, serving as a vital link for both passengers and freight. However, the passenger service in Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC) faces several challenges that hinder its optimal performance. The general objective is to establish the influence of information, communication, and technology systems on the performance of passenger service in Kenya Railways Corporation. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of the trains controls on the performance of passenger service in Kenya Railways Corporation, and to assess the influence of SGR passenger information on the performance of passenger service in Kenya Railways Corporation. This study was guided by: Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Service Quality GAP Model. The study adopted a case study research design; population for the study included 271 middle level managers working in different departments at Kenya Railway Corporation. Sampling for the study was probabilistic through use of Taro Yamane formula to arrive at a sample of 162 respondents across the strata. Data for the study was administered with questionnaires, which was dropped in-person, by the researcher, both validity and reliability was carried out before actual data collection. Data collected was analyzed through both descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included: use of frequencies, percentages, and mean. Results of the study were presented using tables and figures. The study concludes that trains controls has a positive and significant effect on performance of passenger service in Kenya Railways Corporation. Further, the study concludes that passenger information has a positive and significant effect on performance of passenger service in Kenya Railways Corporation. The study recommends that the management of Kenya Railways Corporation in Kenya should implement a modern Automatic Train Control (ATC) system, which would significantly enhance the performance of passenger services. By integrating ATC, train operations can benefit from real-time monitoring, improved scheduling accuracy, and enhanced safety mechanisms such as automatic braking and speed regulation. Key Words: Information, Communication, And Technology Systems, Trains Controls, SGR Passenger Information, Performance of Passenger Service
Information, Communication, And Technology Systems
PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF AJIRA DIGITAL PROGRAM IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
The AJIRA Digital Program, initiated by the Government of Kenya, aims to equip youth with the digital skills needed to participate in online work opportunities. This program addresses the high youth unemployment rates in Kenya by providing training in digital skills and facilitating access to online job platforms. Despite the significant efforts and resources dedicated to the AJIRA Digital Program, its effectiveness in addressing youth unemployment in Nakuru County remains underexplored and potentially underutilized due to inadequate Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) practices. The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of participatory monitoring and evaluation practices and performance of Ajira Digital Program in Nakuru County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of participatory decision making and participatory capacity building in enhancing the effectiveness of the AJIRA Digital Program. This study was guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. This study used a descriptive research design. This study was conducted in Nakuru County, Kenya and focused on Ajira Digital Program. According to County annual report (2023), Nakuru County has 6 ajira digital centres. This study therefore targeted a ajira digital manager and 30 ajira representatives in every centre. The total population was therefore 186 respondents. The study’s sample size was reached at using Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula. Therefore, using the formula, the sample size for the study was 125 respondents. The respondents were chosen with the help of simple random sampling technique. Data that was used in the study was collected by way of structured questionnaires. This study piloted the questionnaire on 13 respondents which represents 10% of study sample size. Data obtained from the field was coded, cleaned, and entered into the computer for analysis using the SPSS version 25. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistical included frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistical analysis used was regression analysis and correlation analysis. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that participatory decision making has a positive and significant effect on the success of the AJIRA Digital Program. Further, the study concludes that participatory capacity building has a positive and significant effect on enhancing the effectiveness of the AJIRA Digital Program. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of AJIRA Digital Program in Kenya should institutionalize inclusive decision-making forums that regularly involve youth beneficiaries, trainers, and key stakeholders in shaping the direction of the AJIRA Digital Program Key Words: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Practices, Participatory Decision Making, Participatory Capacity Building, Performance of Ajira Digital Program
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Practices
SUPPLY CHAIN SUSTAINABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF ALCOHOL MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Alcohol manufacturing firms play a significant role in Kenya’s economy, contributing to employment, tax revenues, and export earnings. The sector provides direct and indirect employment opportunities, from production to distribution, benefiting thousands of individuals. The general objective of the study is to assess the influence of supply chain sustainability on performance of alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to to establish the influence of environmental sustainability on performance of alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya and to determine the effect of economic sustainability on performance of alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya. This study was guided by: Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory. The study used a descriptive research design. According to KAM (2023) report, there are 52 registered alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya. This study therefore targeted 312 management employees working in the 52 registered alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya. The Yamane formula was adopted to calculate the study sample size. Therefore, the study sample size was 175 respondents. Data collection was done through use of questionnaires. The study carried out a pilot study to pretest and validate the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha methodology, which measures internal consistency, was used. The study used a total of 18 individuals in the pilot test which represent 10% of target population. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Inferential data analysis was conducted by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Inferential statistic is used to make judgments about the probability that an observation is dependable or one that happened by chance in the study. The relationship between the study variables was tested using multivariate regression models. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concluded that environmental sustainability has a positive and significant influence on performance of alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya. Further, the study concluded that economic sustainability has a positive and significant influence on performance of alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of alcohol manufacturing firms in Kenya should prioritize economic sustainability as a cornerstone of their business strategy to enhance both profitability and long-term competitiveness. By focusing on efficient resource utilization, cost optimization, strategic investments, and sound financial management, firms can ensure stable growth, reduce operational risks, and maintain profitability even in fluctuating market conditions. Key Words: Supply Chain Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, Economic Sustainability, Performance of Alcohol Manufacturing Firms
Performance of Alcohol Manufacturing Firms
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ISIOLO COUNTY, KENYA
School feeding programs are essential in enhancing food security, improving school attendance, and supporting the overall well-being of children, particularly in marginalized regions. However, the effectiveness of these programs is often hindered by logistical challenges that affect food procurement, transportation, inventory management, and last-mile delivery. This study examined the Influence of logistics management practices on the performance of school feeding programs in Isiolo County, Kenya, an arid and semi-arid region where food distribution is complex due to poor infrastructure, unpredictable weather conditions, and resource constraints. The study explored key logistics management practices, including Trans-Logix, and sustainability practices. This study was guided by Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory and Goal-Setting Theory. This study utilized a descriptive research design to assess the existing procurement and logistics processes and their Influence on the efficiency of last-mile delivery. The study was conducted in Isiolo County, Kenya, focusing on schools that are part of the government-supported school feeding programs. A combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was used to select participants for the study. The sample size included 143 respondents. This research used a questionnaire to collect primary data. The pilot study was carried out on 10 respondents who are sufficient based on Glesne (2019) who stated that 10% of the population is adequate to constitute the pilot test size. Qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Content analysis was applied to documents, reports, and procurement records to extract relevant information on procurement and logistics practices. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data in frequency distributions and percentages which were presented in tables and figures. The study also adopted multiple regression analysis to test the relationships between the variables. The study concludes that trans-logix has a positive and significant effect on performance of school feeding programs in Isiolo County. The study also concludes that sustainability has a positive and significant effect on the performance of school feeding programs in Isiolo County. This study recommends that the management of school feeding programs in Kenya should embed sustainability practices into all aspects of program implementation. By focusing on sustainability, the program not only becomes more resilient and cost-effective but also strengthens food security and supports local economic development, ultimately improving the well-being and educational outcomes of the learners. Key Words: Logistics Management Practices, Trans-Logix, Sustainability, Performance of School Feeding Programs in Public Primary Schools
Performance of School Feeding Programs in Public Primary Schools
STRATEGIC AGILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF CLEANING COMPANIES IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Cleaning companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya, face several challenges that significantly impact their performance. These challenges are intricately connected, and they necessitate the adoption of strategic agility for companies to maintain a competitive edge in a dynamic market. The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of strategic agility on performance of cleaning companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the influence of flexibility in decision-making on performance of cleaning companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya and to evaluate the influence of technology capability on performance of cleaning companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was guided by Dual Process Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV). This study used a descriptive research design. The target population makes a part of the universal population (Creswell, 2018). The unit of analysis is what was being targeted in the research. The study’s target population was cleaning companies in Nairobi City County. According to KRA (2023), the total number of registered cleaning companies in Nairobi City County is 105. This study therefore targeted senior management employees in all the 105 firms. The total target population was therefore 210 respondents. Since the target population is small the study used census method. This research used a questionnaire to collect primary data. The pilot study was carried out on 21 respondents who are sufficient based on Glesne (2019) who stated that 10% of the population is adequate to constitute the pilot test size. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that flexibility in decision-making has a positive and significant effect on performance of cleaning companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study also concludes that technology capability has a positive and significant effect on performance of cleaning companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of cleaning companies in Kenya should empower managers with the autonomy to adapt operations based on real-time customer needs and market changes. By adopting a more flexible approach, companies can respond swiftly to fluctuating demand, adjust pricing strategies, or implement innovative cleaning solutions tailored to specific client requirements. Key Words: Strategic Agility, Flexibility in Decision-Making, Technology Capability, Performance of Cleaning Companies
TRAINING PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Private universities play a crucial role in the educational landscape of Kenya, contributing significantly to the country's development. Employee performance in private universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya, is influenced by several challenges. These challenges significantly affect the overall productivity and effectiveness of employees in these institutions. The general objective of this study is to determine the effect of training on employee performance in private universities in Nairobi City County Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of training needs assessment and training evaluation on employee performance in private universities in Nairobi City County Kenya. The study was anchored on Reinforcement Theory and Self-Determination Theory. Descriptive research design was utilized. The study targeted the ten (10) chartered private universities in Nairobi City County as enlisted by Commission of Universities Education (CUE). The unit of observation was comprised of the Vice Chancellors (VCs), Deputy Vice Chancellors (DVCs), Registrars, Deans and Head of Departments (HoDs) and Full time lecturers. The study’s sample size was reached at using Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula (Russell, 2019). The study’s sample size was 174. The 174 respondents were chosen with the help of stratified random sampling technique. This study used structured questionnaires to collect the primary data for the study. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean (measure of dispersion), standard deviation, and percentages were used. Inferential data analysis was conducted by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that training needs assessment has a positive and significant influence on employee performance in private universities in Nairobi City County Kenya. The study also concludes that training evaluation has a positive and significant influence on employee performance in private universities in Nairobi City County Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of private universities in Kenya should implement a continuous feedback loop that involves both pre- and post-training assessments, as well as regular follow-up evaluations. By assessing employees’ knowledge, skills, and performance before and after training, universities can measure the effectiveness of the training programs and identify areas for improvement. Key Words: Training Practices, Training Needs Assessment, Training Evaluation, Performance in Private Universities
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE OF THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY IN KENYA
The airline industry plays a crucial role in Kenya’s economic development by facilitating domestic and international trade, boosting tourism, and enhancing connectivity. Kenya is a key aviation hub in Africa, with Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) serving as a major transit point for regional and international flights. According to the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA), the aviation sector contributes approximately 1.1% to Kenya’s GDP and supports over 137,000 jobs directly and indirectly. The general objective of this study is to investigate the effect of strategic planning on performance of the airline industry in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the effect of resource allocation on performance of the airline industry in Kenya and to establish the effect of goal setting on performance of the airline industry in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design. This study focused on airline industry in Kenya. According to Kenya airports authority (2024) there are 8 domestic airline companies in Kenya. These domestic airline companies in Kenya include; Kenya Airways, Jambojet, Fly540, Safarilink, Skyward Express, Bluesky Aviation, Jetways Airlines and Renegade Air. This study targeted management employees working in these companies since they are in a better position to provide information on strategic orientation and organization performance. The unit of analysis was therefore 8 airline companies in Kenya while the unit of observation was 200 management employees working with the 8 airline companies in Kenya. The study used Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula to arrive at the sample size. The study sample size was therefore 133 employees. This study used a questionnaire to collect primary data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean (measure of dispersion), standard deviation, and percentages were used. Inferential data analysis was conducted by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The relationship between the study variables were tested using multivariate regression models. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that resource allocation has a positive and significant effect on performance of the airline industry in Kenya. The study also concludes that goal setting has a positive and significant effect on performance of the airline industry in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of airline industry in Kenya should prioritize strategic resource allocation towards technology and fleet modernization. By investing in more fuel-efficient aircraft and advanced digital systems for operations, booking, and customer service, airlines can reduce operational costs, enhance reliability, and improve the overall customer experience. Key Words: Strategic Planning, Resource Allocation, Goal Setting, Performance of the Airline Industry
PROJECT EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF NGO PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
NGO projects are initiatives or programs undertaken by non-profit organizations aimed at addressing specific social, environmental, economic, or humanitarian issues. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Nairobi City County face a range of challenges that hinder their effectiveness and sustainability. The general objective of the study is to determine the effect of project evaluation on performance of NGO projects in Nairobi city county, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to investigate effect of process evaluation and outcome evaluation on performance of NGO projects in Nairobi city county, Kenya. This study was guided by Theory of Change (ToC) and Goal-Setting Theory. This study used a descriptive research design. This study targeted the NGOs operating in Nairobi County with the highest utilization of funds. According to NGO coordination board, there are 12162 registered NGOs operating in Kenya. This study targeted the NGOs with the highest utilization of funds. According to the sector report of 2021/2022, there are 100 NGOs operating in Nairobi County who recorded the highest utilization of funds during the year operating in different thematic areas. All the implementing staff employees from 100 NGO's operating within Nairobi County with the highest utilization of funds comprised the target population. The NGO’s were the primary sampling units and the employees who are directly involved in implementing the projects formed secondary sampling units. The study’s primary data was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. The researcher carried out a pilot study to ensure the data collection tool is reliable and valid. Quantitative and qualitative data was generated from the closed-ended and open-ended questions, respectively. Qualitative data was analyzed on thematic basis and the findings provided in a narrative form. Before the data can be analyzed, the researcher ensured the data was checked for completeness, followed by data editing, data coding, data entry, and data cleaning. Inferential and descriptive statistics was employed for analysis of quantitative data with the assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Inferential data analysis was conducted by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The study results were presented in tables and figures. The study concludes that process evaluation and outcome evaluation has a positive and significant effect on performance of NGO projects in Nairobi city county, Kenya. Based on the findings, the management of NGOs in Kenya should enhance process evaluation mechanisms by monitoring fidelity to project plans, ensuring broad reach among target beneficiaries, and promoting active stakeholder engagement to improve the effectiveness and performance of NGO projects. Key Words: Project Evaluation, Process Evaluation, Outcome Evaluation, Performance of NGO Projects
STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT SOURCING AND PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN CENTRAL REGION, KENYA
In Kenya, coffee cooperative societies play a critical role in supporting smallholder farmers by organizing the collection, processing, and marketing of coffee, thereby increasing efficiency and ensuring better prices through collective bargaining. However, coffee cooperative societies in Central Region, Kenya, face several challenges that impact their ability to thrive and support the local farming communities. The general objective of the study was to examine the influence of strategic procurement sourcing on performance of coffee cooperative societies in Central Region, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the influence of procurement planning on performance of coffee cooperative societies in Central Region, Kenya and to evaluate the influence of material acquisition on performance of coffee cooperative societies in Central Region, Kenya. This study was guided by Resource-Based View (RBV) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) theory. For this study, descriptive research design was utilized. According to CAK (2024) report, central region which comprises of Kiambu, Kirinyaga, Nyeri, and Murang'a counties has a total of 550 licensed and registered coffee cooperative societies. The total population in this study was therefore 550 procurement managers from the 550 coffee cooperative societies. The study’s sample size of 226 was reached at using Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula (Russell, 2019). The 226 respondents were chosen with the help of stratified random sampling technique. This study used semi-structured questionnaires and Secondary Data Collection Sheet to collect the primary data for the study. Data from questionnaires was coded and analyzed using the latest Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. Pearson R correlation was used to measure strength and the direction of linear relationship between variables. The study concluded that procurement planning has a positive and significant effect on performance of coffee cooperative societies in Central Region, Kenya. In addition, the study concluded that material acquisition has a positive and significant effect on performance of coffee cooperative societies in Central Region, Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of coffee cooperative societies in Central Region should prioritize and enhance their procurement planning processes. This can be achieved by adopting a more structured and forward-thinking approach to identifying material needs, forecasting demand, and aligning procurement strategies with the cooperative’s long-term goals. Key Words: Strategic Procurement Sourcing, Procurement Planning, Material Acquisition, Performance of Coffee Cooperative Societies
Performance of Coffee Cooperative Societies
STRATEGIC RESPONSES AND PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES (SACCOS) IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Despite their importance, the performance of SACCOs in Nairobi County has been declining in recent years, raising concerns about their sustainability and effectiveness. Several SACCOs have reported reduced profitability, increased loan defaults, and shrinking membership. The general objective of the study is to determine the effect of strategic responses on performance of Savings & Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of strategic alliance on performance of Savings & Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Nairobi County, Kenya and to establish the effect of information communication technology (ICT) integration on performance of Savings & Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study employed the use of cross-sectional survey research design. The unit of analysis for this study was SACCOs in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Nairobi County, Kenya was selected because it has thigh concentration of deposit taking SACCOs (SASRA, 2023). The unit of observation of this study was management employees in the selected 43 deposit-taking SACCOs in Nairobi city County, Kenya. The target population was therefore 258 management employees working in the 43 deposit-taking SACCOs in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The Yamane formula was adopted to calculate the study sample size. Therefore, the study sample size was 157 respondents. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. A pilot test was conducted to determine validity and reliability of the data collection instrument. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that strategic alliance has a positive and significant effect on performance of Savings & Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study also concludes that ICT Integration has a positive and significant effect on performance of Savings & Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. Based on the on the findings, the management of SACCOs in Kenya should form partnerships with fintech companies to enhance digital financial services. By collaborating with fintech firms, SACCOs can leverage advanced technologies to improve service delivery, expand outreach, and streamline operations through mobile banking, digital loan processing, and automated savings platforms. Key Words: Strategic Responses, Strategic Alliance, ICT Integration, Performance Of Savings & Credit Co-Operatives (SACCOS)
Performance Of Savings & Credit Co-Operatives (SACCOS)
STRATEGIC RISK MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Cement manufacturing firms play a crucial role in Kenya’s economic development by supporting key sectors such as construction, infrastructure, and real estate. However, cement manufacturing firms in Kenya face significant challenges in various areas that impact their performance. The general objective of the study was to determine the influence of strategic risk management on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to examine the influence of risk assessment on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya and to assess the influence of risk response on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. This study was guided by: The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and The Contingency Theory. The cross-sectional research design was selected for this study. The target population comprised of 126 management employees working in seven cement manufacturing firms namely Bamburi Cement Limited, East Africa Portland Cement Company, ARM Africa Limited, Mombasa Cement, Savannah Cement, National Cement and Lafarge cement. In this study, the unit of analysis was cement manufacturing firms while the unit of observation was the 126 management employees working in seven cement manufacturing firms. The study employed a census approach to collect data from the all the 126 respondents hence no sampling technique was used. Primary data was used in this study. The study used questionnaire to collect the primary data. Data analysis was done through use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean (measure of dispersion), standard deviation, and percentages were used. Inferential data analysis was conducted by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The study results were presented through use of tables and figures. The study concludes that risk assessment has a positive and significant effect on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study also concludes that risk response has a positive and significant effect on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the management of cement manufacturing firms should develop and implement well-structured risk response strategies to enhance operational performance and long-term sustainability. Effective risk response—through avoidance, mitigation, transfer, or acceptance—ensures that once risks are identified and assessed, appropriate actions are taken to minimize negative impacts or leverage potential opportunities. Key Words: Strategic Risk Management, Risk Assessment, Risk Response, Performance of Cement Manufacturing Firms
Performance of Cement Manufacturing Firms
STRATEGIC MANANAGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY IN TURKANA COUNTY GOVERNMENT, KENYA
This study explored on the relationship between strategic management responsibility and social service delivery in Turkana county government, Kenya. The specific objectives were: Strategy formulation, and evaluation and controlling strategy and performance of social service delivery of Turkana county government in Kenya. This study was anchored on different theories relevant to the specific variables in this study. The research design was descriptive research design. The target population was 152 respondents from the entire performance of social workers in Turkana County. This study preferred a census survey meaning purposive sampling techniques was used. The research instrument was both open and closed ended questionnaire. The researcher’s collected data will be by dropping questionnaire and picking the same after two weeks. 10 % of the respondents were pilot tested from the entire study. The collected data was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Performance of social Science version 28 and the same is now presented in a form of tables and figures. After doing pilot test the result was over 0.7 for reliability and 0.5 for content validity. Therefore the research concludes and recommends that was a good relationship between strategic management responsibility and social service delivery in Turkana county government, Kenya. Key Words: Strategic Management Responsibility, Social Service Delivery, Strategy Formulation, Evaluation and Controlling Strategy, Performance
ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR AND GROWTH OF MICRO AND SMALL FOOD MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Micro and Small Medium Enterprises sector provides enormous opportunity for the socio-economic transformation of Kenya’s economy. It also provides opportunities for absorbing low-skill and economically excluded individuals of the labor force including youth, women, persons with disabilities and those with low levels of education. The majority of these MSMEs operate in the agribusiness, manufacturing, trade and services. Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are the economic backbone in Kenya comprising the majority (98%) of all business entities, registered and nonregistered, in the country. The purpose of the research was to establish the relationship of entrepreneurial behavior (risk taking and entrepreneurs experience) and the growth of MSFMEs. The appropriate design employed for the study was descriptive research design. The target study population was Nairobi City county-based entrepreneurs. Growth refers to the process of expanding and developing a business over time, it involves increasing revenue, expanding the customer base, entering new markets, developing new products or services, and hiring additional employees. This study examined the role of behavior in addressing entrepreneurial growth and sustainability challenges amongst micro and small enterprises in Nairobi City County using small food manufacturing firms as a case study. The objectives was to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and the growth of micro and small food manufacturing enterprises in Nairobi City County. The theories that supported the study included risk propensity theory and experiential learning theory. The study adopted descriptive research design, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The sample size was 396 micro and small food manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County that is the unit of analysis, a total of 298 questionnaires were filled and returned representing an overall successful response rate of 75%. The unit of observation included owners, managers, key decision makers and firm level data. Data collection was done by administration of closed and open-ended questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics i.e. the mean, percentage, and frequencies. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to aid in the analysis which was used to derive conclusions. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and enterprise growth. Correlation results revealed that entrepreneurial behavior influence growth of MSFMEs. Over half (54%) agreed that lessons from past market disruptions enhanced business resilience, while 46% strongly agreed. The results indicated there was a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneur’ risk taking propensity, entrepreneurial experience and growth. Key Words: Entrepreneurial Behavior, Growth of Micro And Small Food Manufacturing Enterprises, Risk Taking Propensity, Entrepreneurial Experience
Growth of Micro And Small Food Manufacturing Enterprises
ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF LARGE RETAIL CHAINS IN KENYA
Based on the trend of performance, there has been a steady decrease in Retail Chains contribution to GDP from 8.0% in 2014 to 4.5% in 2018. In recent past, E-payment has emerged as a new strategy to improve performance. However, there is no empirical evidence to support its use as a market strategy that can turn the large Chains industry's income in Kenya around with higher results. Hence this study sought to establish the relationship between electronic payments and supply chain performance of Large Retail Chains in Kenya. The study also sought to establish the moderating effect of Top management support on the relationship between electronic payments and supply chain performance of Large Retail Chains in Kenya. The study was guided by technology acceptance theory and Power Theory. The study adopted descriptive research design and positivist research paradigm. The study targeted 12 Large Retail Chains in Kenya; they formed the unit of analysis while the unit of observation was heads of procurement department, logistics department, finance department and ICT department. Therefore, the target population for this study was 240 respondents. Census method was used in this study. A total of 24 respondents from Medium size Retail Chains in Kenya participated in the pilot test which represents 10% of target population. The study used research questionnaires to collect primary data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software was used to analyze the data. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis and presented in prose form. Qualitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, and means were used. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for testing strength and direction between the independent and the dependent variables. A multiple regression model was used to test the significance of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The findings were presented in Tables and figures. The study concludes that electronic payments have a positive and significant effect on supply chain performance of Large Retail Chains in Kenya, Kenya. The study also concluded that top management support has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between electronic payments and supply chain performance of Large Retail Chains in Kenya. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the management of large retail chains in Kenya should give priority to electronic payments and top management support. Key Words: Electronic Payments, Supply Chain Performance, Top Management Support
STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE ROAD SAFETY IN NAIROBI METROPOLIS TRANSPORT SYSTEM
This study explored influence of Strategic Interventions and Sustainable Road Safety in Nairobi Metropolis Transport System. The main aim of this study was to establish the influence Strategic Interventions and Sustainable Road Safety in Nairobi Metropolis Transport System. The study pursued the following specific objectives to; establish the influence of Stakeholder Involvement and Technology Integration on Sustainable Road Safety in Nairobi Metropolis Transport System. This study was guided by following theories namely; Stakeholder Theory and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The methodology looked at the descriptive research design, study area and population, the sampling procedures and the sample, instruments of data collection, validity and reliability of research instruments, data collection procedures and methods of data analysis. The questionnaire was used as the main mode of data collection. The target population of the study consisted of employees of the Organizations. Systematic random sampling was used to sample 384 employees at the management level. A pilot test of 38 respondents in 4 Organizations was conducted to detect weaknesses in design and instrumentation. The study preferred a mixed research design. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, p- values and coefficient of determination was used in the data analysis. The study concludes that stakeholder involvement has a positive and significant influence on Sustainable Road Safety in Nairobi Metropolis Transport System. Further, the study concludes that technology integration has a positive and significant influence on Sustainable Road Safety in Nairobi Metropolis Transport System. Based on the findings, the study recommends that that the managements of sustainable road safety in Kenya should deploy Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), particularly through real-time traffic monitoring and automated enforcement tools. Installing smart traffic cameras, speed detectors, and traffic signal control systems at major intersections and accident-prone areas can help monitor driver behavior, enforce traffic laws more consistently, and manage traffic flow efficiently. Key Words: Strategic Interventions, Stakeholder Involvement, Technology Integration, Sustainable Road Safety
SUPPLY CHAIN AGILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTION FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
In today’s dynamic and highly competitive business environment, distribution firms face increasing pressure to enhance responsiveness, reduce operational inefficiencies, and meet ever-evolving customer demands. However, many such firms in emerging economies—such as Kenya—struggle to align their supply chain operations with strategic performance goals, often due to a lack of agility in sourcing, operations, demand planning, and collaboration. This study was conducted to address this gap by examining the influence of supply chain agility on firm performance in the distribution sector within Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study focused on key dimensions of supply chain agility—strategic sourcing, operational flexibility and how they impact four critical performance indicators: profitability, customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and market position. The research was guided by dynamic capabilities theory, resource dependence theory, theory of constraints, and resource-based view theory. A descriptive and explanatory research design was employed. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed to supply chain professionals across procurement, logistics, operations, and finance functions within selected distribution firms. A stratified sampling technique was used to ensure representation across departments, while a sample size of 234 respondents was achieved. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize the responses, Pearson correlation to assess the strength of relationships, and multiple linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares) to determine the combined and individual effects of the independent variables on firm performance. The analysis revealed that all four supply chain agility dimensions had positive and statistically significant effects on firm performance. Operational flexibility and strategic sourcing emerged as the most influential predictors. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing context-specific empirical evidence on supply chain agility within the under-researched distribution sector in Kenya. It also offers practical recommendations for managers seeking to build agile, resilient, and customer-focused supply chains. By demonstrating that supply chain agility is not only strategic but also measurable and actionable, the study underscores its role as a key driver of competitive advantage in the modern distribution landscape. Key Words: Firm Performance, Distribution Sector, Supply Chain Agility, Strategic Sourcing, Operational Flexibility
LOGISTIC VISIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF E-COMMERCE FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
components and products as they move along through the supply chain, from origin to destination. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of logistic visibility on performance of E-Commerce firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study’s specific objectives were: warehouse management and information technology. The study’s target population was 120 respondents from E Commerce firms in Nairobi county. The study employed questionnaires as a data collection tool. Questionnaires were designed using both opened and closed ended questions. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and presented in tables, graphs and pie chart. The study’s findings were that the respondents on average tended to agree with each of the statements in study variables with most means above 3.50. on the same breath, the respondents also had consensus with many statements of study variables with SD of below 1.00. The study concluded that the warehouse management and information technology have a significant influence on performance E- commerce firms in Nairobi County. The study also concluded that in every unit increase in warehouse management, results in an increase in performance of E- commerce firms in Nairobi county. A unit increase in Information technology on its own, results in an increase in performance of E- commerce firms in Nairobi County. The study recommends that the E- commerce firms should Implement a Warehouse Management System (WMS) which helps track inventory in real-time. The study suggests an examination on the warehouse management system in E- commerce firms in Nairobi County. Key Words: Logistic Visibility, Performance, E-Commerce Firms, Warehouse Management, Information Technology
SCOPE CREEP AND PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN KIAMBU COUNTY KENYA
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between Project scope creep and performance of construction projects in Kiambu county Kenya. The significance of this research lies in its focus on the critical elements of Project Complexity and Resource Availability and their impact on the performance of construction projects in Kiambu county Kenya. Identifying the effects of these Project scope creep is essential for policymakers, project managers, and other stakeholders involved in the implementation of construction projects in Kenya. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study, targeting 1100 construction projects in Kiambu county. This design is suitable because it allowed the researcher to gather precise information about the phenomena under investigation, describing the characteristics, opinions, attitudes, preferences, and perceptions of individuals relevant to the study. The study used a large sample size calculated using the sample size formula for large populations, and data was collected through questionnaires administered to relevant stakeholders. Both descriptive and inferential data analyses were performed using SPSS version 29 and MS Excel to facilitate the analysis. The conceptual framework draws on the Complexity Theory and Resource Dependence Theory providing a robust theoretical background for the study. Overall, the proposed study promises to contribute to the existing literature on project management practices in Kenya and shed light on the critical factors influencing the Project scope creep and performance of construction projects in Kiambu county Kenya.
SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT PROCESSES AND PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
This study sought to examine the relationship between sustainable procurement practices and performance in manufacturing firms in Nairobi, providing empirical evidence on their effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities. The study employed a descriptive research design, utilizing stratified random sampling to select procurement managers, supply chain officers, sustainability officers, and finance managers from medium and large-scale manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The target population consisted of 210 manufacturing firms, as documented by the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM, 2024), with a total respondent pool of 840 employees. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula, ensuring statistical reliability and representativeness. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics, using SPSS version 28 software. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics (means, frequencies, and percentages) and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regression analysis) to establish the relationship between sustainable procurement practices and performance. Pilot testing of the research instrument demonstrated strong validity and reliability. The instrument was validated and reliable for full-scale data collection. This study investigated the influence of sustainable procurement practices on the ESG performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Four core dimensions were examined: procurement-led waste reduction, and ethical procurement practices. Data were collected from 237 respondents using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The findings revealed that all four procurement practices significantly and positively affect ESG performance, with ethical procurement emerging as the most influential predictor (B = 0.367, p < 0.05), followed by procurement-led waste reduction (B = 0.278, p < 0.05). Firms that integrate ESG criteria into procurement processes demonstrated improved environmental compliance, operational efficiency, and stakeholder trust. The study concludes that sustainable procurement is a strategic driver of ESG performance and recommends that firms adopt circular waste reduction models, and embed ethics into procurement governance. These practices collectively enhance transparency, compliance, and long-term sustainability outcomes. Key Words: Sustainable procurement practices, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, procurement-led waste reduction, ethical procurement practices
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance
EFFECT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS ON OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
The study aimed to investigate the effect of project management tools on operational efficiency within the banking sector, specifically focusing on selected commercial banks in Kenya. The primary objective was to examine how project management tools influenced operational efficiency in these banks. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing structured questionnaires to collect data from a target population of 46 commercial banks listed by the Central Bank of Kenya. To ensure a representative sample, purposive random sampling was used to select five commercial banks Absa Bank, Bank of India, National Bank, Equity Bank, and Family Bank while stratified random sampling was applied to select 140 employees from relevant departments. A pilot test was conducted at Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) in Nairobi City County to refine the research instruments. Content validity was ensured through expert input, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis using SPSS to examine the relationships between project management tools and operational efficiency. The study concludes that project planning and tracking tools have a positive and significant effect on operational efficiency in selected commercial banks in Kenya. In addition, the study concludes that project automation tools have a positive and significant effect on operational efficiency in selected commercial banks in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends that commercial banks should strengthen project planning and tracking tools by adopting advanced data acquisition and cost management systems to enhance decision-making. Additionally, increasing the adoption of project automation tools will optimize operational workflows, reduce errors, and improve resource utilization. Key Words: Project Management Tools, Project Planning and Tracking Tools, Project Automation Tools, Operational Efficiency in Selected Commercial Banks